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In the field in front of Hauxley hall there is a pillar which bears the following inscription: `This portion of the Hauxley property was redeemed to its hereditary course by the zeal and exertions of the Rev. Joseph Cook of Newton-hall, through the medium of a suit in the Court of Chancery, commenced January, 1798, terminated May, 1809.' Unfortunately this field or ` portion of the Hauxley property' was not part of the patrimonial estate of the Widdringtons, but was purchased in 1762 from Kirton's mortgagees. |
Ibid |
1630, 22nd July. Indenture of bargain and sale from Sir William Hewitt, knight, and Thomas Hewitt, esq., his son and heir, to Richard Brown and Thomas Palfrey of several tenements in Hauxley and two parcels of land in Amble to hold in fee farm, rendering to the king £16 4s. 1d., etc. Mr. S. F. Widdrington's Papers and Rev. John Hodgson's Collection, E, 2. |
Mr. S. F. Widdrington's Papers. Also schedule of Amble and Hauxley Deeds, Rev. John Hodgson's Collection. |
Land Revenue Record Office, Surveys, York, Hen. VIII., Mary, James I., 7, fol. 118. |
Date of the copy of John Clark, the father. |
George Whitehead, writing to the earl of Northumberland from Warkworth on the 24th June, 1609, says : Since my last letters dated 21st of this instant and sent by Lawrence Rushforde, which I think is hardly comed to your lordship's handes, I have had true and certayne intelligence that Mr. Warde and one Creswell ar presently to erect a winde milne at Hauxeley towne, wherunto, by cause Mr. Warde is the kinge's surveyor, they meane to hynde the whole sukken and grist of both these townes of Ambell and Hauxeley to that milne. I do assuredly knowe your lordship will be dampnefyed £20 yearely rent in the next lettings of Warkworth milnes. To prevent this I knowe no way as yet onely that the towne of Ambell doe pay every tennant a bushell of barley yearly to the milnes of Warkeworth, and as I yet can learne ar tyed to grind at your milnes. Duke of Northumberland's MSS. |
Land Revenue Record Office, Surveys, Northumberland, James I. vol. 42. |
Cal. Border Papers, Bain, ii. pp. 78, 79. |
Mr. S. F. Widdrington's Papers. |
Nicolson, Border Laws, p. 197 |
Ministers' Accounts, 30-31 Henry VIII. Ibid. i. p. 227. |
Rawl. in Bibl. Bodl. Codex, B, 332, fol. 5o. Gibson, Tynemouth Monastery, i. p. 184. |
Cott. MS. Claud. E, iv. fol. 236 b et seq. Gibson, Tynemouth Monastery, p. 45. |
Prior de la Mare was confessor to Lady Mary Percy, who was wife of Henry Percy, baron of Alnwick, and daughter of Henry, duke of Lancaster. |
Ibid. fol. 61. |
Friday before the Assumption, 15 Edw. II |
Tynemouth Chartulary, fol. 7. |
Ibid. p. 69. |
From a recital contained in a confirmation charter, 29th June, 55 Henry III. Gibson, Tynemouth Monastery, i. p. 61. |
Some of these flint arrow heads were exhibited by Mr. Henry Dand at a meeting of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club held at Powburn, 27th June, 1861. Hist. Berw. Nat. Club, iv. p. 239. |
The upper parts of the laminaria shed in broken weather and washed ashore about the month of May are known as May-tops ; the stems which adhere to the parent rock until about the month of October are locally called belks or wassal.' |
Cf. Act I Vic. cap. lxxvii. |
A mining lease, dated 2nd of April, 1754, was granted for 21 years by the earl of Lichfield and Lord Bellew, trustees of the Radcliffe estates, to John Cook of Togston at the rent of £20 a year. Another lease dated 1st April, 1785, was granted for 9 years by Lord Montague and Sir Herbert Mackworth by the description of 'lords of the manor of Amble' to John Widdrington, and to Edward Cook and William Smith, both of Togston, at £21 5s., but upon condition that the seams of coal be not worked. Mr. E. M. Lawson-Smith's Papers. |
Cf. Lebour, Geology of Northumberland and Durham, p. 49. |
The Census Returns are : 1801, 92 ; 1811, 113 ; 1821, 114 ; 1831, 143 ; 1841, 457 ; 1851, 811; 1861 937 ; 1871, 556; 1881, 972; 1891, 1,030. |
Cf. A paper on Amble and Hauxley, Hist. Berw. Nat. Club, xiv. pp. 87, 255. |
TOWNSHIP OF HAUXLEY. N |
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Hauxley Township, part of Warkworth parish pre 1869, and Amble parish post 1869. |
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Notes: 1.) Since
this book was written (1899), a Mesolithic midden and Bronze age
'Beaker people' period cemetery has been discovered just south
of Low Hauxley, the first cist grave being revealed by costal
erosion in 1982. 2.) Hauxley Colliery shaft was not sunk until 1924, therefore the reference to a new shaft in the text below is probably that of Newburgh Colliery, sunk in 1892. 3.) Hodgson refers to the township's costal village by its contemporary description of "Hauxley Sea-Houses", today this is Low Hauxley, with the original Hauxley village now "High Hauxley" |
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Immediately to the south of Amble is the seaboard
township of Hauxley, which, inclusive of Coquet Island, comprises an
area of 753 acres. At the census of 1891 it had a population of
1,030.
N The village which gives its name to the township
stands on a tree-sheltered knoll. It is conspicuous on every side,
and embraces an extensive sea view over Druridge Bay to Newbiggin
Point, and in certain conditions of the atmosphere even as far as
Souter Point lighthouse, near Sunderland. The village consists of
one street, at the east end of which is Hauxley cottage, the
residence of Mr. M. H. Dand, near which is a one-story cottage
retaining a heavy door head with the date 1600 and a window with
massive mouldings, a fragment of a larger building, the old mansion
of the Widdrington family. On the south side of the street is
Hauxley hall, now the property of Mr. S. F. Widdrington, but
formerly possessed by the Kirton family ; over the north door in
raised letters are the initials and date M. K. 1724. The extensive
and productive gardens surrounded by high stone walls were laid out
and added to after the house was purchased by John Widdrington about
1762, and the park-like field which stretches to the south and west
was probably planted with clumps and strips of trees about the same
period. Until sixty or seventy years ago there was a heronry in the
park, and there is still a rookery. The township also contains the
fishing hamlet of Sea-houses, the homesteads of Bondicar and Amble
Moor-house, and the mining village of Radcliffe colliery. The township of Hauxley is situated on a strip of land lying between the Millstone Grit and the great Acklington dike, which, after crossing the entire width of Northumberland, enters the sea at Bondicar. N On the beach may be seen calcareous sandstone, a fossiliferous bed of conglomerate, in part overlaid by a glacial deposit containing ice-worn boulders ; and at low spring tides an old surface soil with well-preserved trunks and roots of a submerged forest remaining in it. The strong loam with a clay subsoil provides excellent pasture land and fine wheat crops Though there are traces of old workings, the coal-field underlying this township and that of Amble was unwrought in modern times N until 1837, when a company was promoted for that purpose. Since then operations have been carried on with considerable success, and the population is now more than tenfold what it was at the beginning of the century. Another shaft has recently been sunk which, though not within, is very close to, the township boundary. About 300 hewers are employed by the Radcliffe Coal Company, and there is an output of about 850 tons per day. The stell fishery for salmon belongs to the duke of Northumberland, N and the white fishery, which before the dissolution of the monasteries belonged to the prior and convent of Tynemouth, belongs to Mr. S. F. Widdrington. There are about sixteen families of fishermen now residing at the hamlet of Sea-houses, who until twenty years ago lived in cottages in the village of Hauxley: There is also a station of the National Lifeboat Society and of the rocket brigade. Lobsters of very fine quality are caught here in great numbers. Up to the beginning of this century the fishermen and others prepared and burnt great quantities of kelp. The seaweed N was cut from the rocks at low water during the summer months and carried in panniers on the backs of ponies to the links, and there dried in the sun. Circular hollows, 3 or 4 feet wide, were dug in the ground and set round with stones ; in them the seaweed was placed and fired. The liquid which exuded was worked with iron rakes into a uniform consistence, which on cooling consolidated into a heavy dark-coloured alkaline substance, and after being subjected to a refining process was used in the manufacture of glass and soap. Unlike the sister township of Amble, Hauxley has not yielded many finds of prehistoric remains, though flint arrow heads and other small implements of the same material have been found in the arable field east of Hauxley cottage. N Though not specifically named, there can be little doubt that this place was included in Robert de Mowbray's grant of lands to the prior and convent of Tynemouth ; in a charter of confirmation N granted by Richard I. shortly before his departure for the Holy Land, Hauxley is expressly mentioned, as it is in another charter granted by King John on the 25th of February, 1203/4. N Under the priory a considerable number of tenants held lands as copyholders or customary tenants, who, at the end of the thirteenth century, claimed to be freeholders. Their names, with the quantity of land respectively occupied by each, are shown in the following list of 1295 : |
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The foregoing names may be compared with those who were assessed to, and paid the subsidy of, an eleventh in the following year : | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In the month of August, 1319, N a certain Nicholas of Hauxley, then lying a prisoner at Tynemouth in the prior's prison, in consideration of the services he had rendered in the surrender of Mitford castle three years before, obtained an amnesty or pardon for all offences committed before that date, and was accordingly released on bail, certain of his neighbours being bound that he should appear at the next gaol delivery: |
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About the year 1328 the priory had a revenue from Hauxley of £18 7s.
2d. a year.
N It is not known what was the nature of the
claim of right to the manor of Hauxley made by the barons of
Widdrington, but during the priorate of Thomas de la Mare
(1341-1349) a determined effort was made by Sir Gerard de
Widdrington to wrest it from the convent. Only one side of the story
has been preserved ; it represents Widdrington as a bold and wealthy
knight, who seized some Austin friars on their way from Tynemouth
and tortured them under the impression that they were monks of the
priory, and a man who did not scruple to attempt the prior's life.
On the day appointed for the trial Widdrington was challenged to
battle by Sir Thomas Colvill, as champion of the prior ; Colvill had
won great renown in the French wars, and his intervention had been
secured through favour of the Lady Mary Percy.
N '
All were struck with astonishment at his unexpected appearance and
at his boldness, and none durst encounter him to try if the cause of
his adversary were just.' Thus without a blow being struck the
priory of Tynemouth gained the day and retained unquestioned
possession of Hauxley.
N A pension of £10 a year to be paid to Nicholas Boston when he resigned the priorate of Tynemouth in 1480 was charged upon Hauxley. N At the dissolution Hauxley, with the other possessions of Tynemouth priory, was surrendered to the Crown. At that time the rents of eleven copyhold tenants, rendered by the hand of John Widdrington the bailiff, amounted to £19 0s. 7d. per annum, besides which they paid 10d. for the pannage of their swine. The bailiff also accounted for 26s. 8d. for the profits or rents derived from the four cobles used in the fishery, and for 6s. the assize of bread, making a total revenue derived from Hauxley of £20 14s. 1d. N In 1552 the night watch was ordered to be kept ' from Wetherington-park-nook to Cokket, with fourteen men nightly, and thereto' were appointed inhabitors of Wetherington, Drereghe, Est Chevingtone, Hadston, Aiklington, Toxden, Haxlaye, Warkworthe, Ambell, Gloster-hill, and Moryke.' John Fenwyke, Edward Tromble, John Harford, Edward Clerk, John Wilson, and Perseval Wylkynsone' were appointed to be setters and searchers, and `Ser John Wetherington, knight, John Heron, John Wetherington, and Thomas Finche,' overseers of the watches N In the same year the lordship of Hauxley was granted by the king on a twenty-one years' lease to Thomas Gower at the rent of £20 3s. 1d., and in 1590 John Parker obtained from Queen Elizabeth a similar lease for the term of thirty-one years. N At a muster taken on Clifton field on the 24th of November, 1595, there appeared from Hauxley, Roger Carr, Roger Baird, and nineteen others, who all seem to have been returned as defective, except Robert Widdrington of Hauxley, who 'rode on a bay horse with two white feet,' and was armed with the ' full furniture of a coote of plate, a steele capp, sword and daggor and spear or staff.' N In the survey N made in September, 1608, by Haggatt and Warde by order of the Court of Exchequer already mentioned in the account of Amble, the commissioners found that the sum of copyhold rents in Hauxley was £19 2s., and that the other rents amounted to 30s.: |
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In 1611 a royal commission was issued to Mark Errington and Thomas Surtees, esquires, and William Jackson, gent., `for the survayeng of his highnes cole mynes,' in the counties of Durham and Northumberland, N they reported : | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hauxley remained in the Crown until the 25th of September, 1628, when it was
conveyed by Charles I to Ditchfield and others as trustees for the city of
London in payment of a large sum of money advanced to the king. It was
immediately resold to Sir William Hewitt of Brightwell, Suffolk, and to Thomas
Hewitt, his son.
N On the 22nd of July, 1630, Hewitt and his son
conveyed to Richard Brown and Thomas Palfrey 'All those lands and tenements in
Hauxley, being part of the premises conveyed to them' by Ditchfield 'some time
in the several tenures of Roger Carr, Edward Wilson, Edward Meadows, William
Hall, John Hudson, John Clark, Roger Widdrington, and Edward Clark, and now in
the tenure of Thomas Carr, son of the above Roger Carr, Henry Kirton, William
Hall, son of the above William Hall, John Hudson, grandchild of the said John
Hudson, William Clark, son of the above John Clark, and Henry Widdrington, son
of the above Roger Widdrington,' with two small parcels of ground in Amble in
the possession of the said Henry Widdrington, at the rent of 4d., and the
profits of the cobles at Hauxley of the yearly rent of 20s. The vendors reserved
the mines of coal, etc., and covenanted that the purchasers should pay £16 4s.
1d. per annum, a proportionate part of £19 0s. 7d., the rent reserved for the
Crown. N In the following year on the 24th of June, Hewitt sold to
Sir William Fenwick of Meldon the lands formerly occupied by William Jackson and
others, and all the rest of Hauxley, except what had been conveyed to Brown and
Palfrey.
N |
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The immediate ancestors of Robert Widdrington, whose name stands at the head of
the above list, besides being customary or copyhold tenants in the township,
acted as bailiffs, first of the priory of Tynemouth, and after the dissolution
as bailiffs and collectors for the Crown. He was also lineally descended from
Sir Gerard Widdrington, whose claim upon the manor of Hauxley in the fourteenth
century, though defeated at that time, was, in part, realized, and has been
maintained by his descendants. The following is an inventory of the personal estate and effects of Roger Widdrington, who died in the year 1587 : |
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WIDDRINGTON OF HAUXLEY |
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WIDDRINGTON OF NEWTON-ON-THE-MOOR AND HAUXLEY |
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(a) Alnwick Register. |
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EVIDENCES TO WIDDRINGTON PEDIGREE. |
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John Widdrington, the last male (so far as
is known) of this ancient family, before succeeding to the estate,
was a merchant and banker in Newcastle ; he had travelled, and was a
man of urbanity and taste, with a competent knowledge of natural
philosophy. He enlarged and improved the already extensive gardens
at Hauxley by the erection of a long glass house, in which his
delicate south-country wife might take exercise without exposure to
the east wind. In fulfilment of a promise exacted from him by his
predecessor, he gave the Widdrington estates to his two nearest
paternal kinswomen, Sarah Brown and Sarah Teasdale, in moieties,
with the injunction to take and use the name of Widdrington. But
through his commercial speculations in Newcastle and his connection
with the ` Old Bank,' his affairs on his death in 1797 were found to
be in such disorder that a Chancery suit was required to adjust
them. This lingered for eleven years,
N and resulted in the alienation of half of the estates
for the payment of the testator's debts. Miss Teasdale married
Captain David Latimer Tinling, afterwards Major-General Sir David L.
Tinling Widdrington, and their son, the Rev. Sidney Henry
Widdrington, formerly a captain in the 53rd regiment, in 1842 sold
his moiety of the estate to Captain S. E. Widdrington of
Newton-on-the-Moor, who by descent had succeeded to the moiety of
his mother, Sarah Brown (afterwards Widdrington), wife of the Rev.
Joseph Cook. Of the family of Kirton which, in 1663, held more than a sixth part of the township, very little is known. Their house, as part of Hauxley hall, still stands, their lands lay to the south-east of the village, and their homestead is said to have been situated at the Sea-houses. Their disappearance followed, and may have been the result of the lawsuit in which they became involved with the Widdringtons in 1735, though it was not until 1762 that John Widdrington purchased the estate from Ord and Wilson, who appear to have been Kirton's mortgagees. |
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KIRTON OF HAUXLEY |
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(a) Warkworth. Register. (b) Mr. S. F. Widdrington's Papers. (c) Durham Probate Registry. (d) Alnwick Register. |
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EVIDENCES TO KIRTON PEDIGREE |
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1653. Administration of the personal estate of Henry Kirton of
Hawksley, in the county of Northumberland, granted to Robert
Widdrington, grandchild by the mothers side. Durham Probate Registry. 1694/5 6th March. Will of Edward Kirton of Hawxley, gentleman : My body to be buried in the parish church of Warkworth. I give to my wife, Jane Kirton, the sum of £160 (£100 of which sum is part of the fortune my said wife brought to me, and at present in security in the hands of her brother, Thomas Kelly). I give, devise, and bequeath unto my son, Matthew Kirton, all my lands in Hawxley upon condition that he pay thereout the sum of £70 each to my daughters Sarah and Rachell Kirton at the age of 21 years or marriage. My trusty friends, George Lawson of Gloster-hill and Robert Valentine of Warkworth, executors. Ibid. 1694/5, 19th March. Inventory of Edward Kirton of Hauxley. His purse and appareill £6 ; 8 oxen, £34. ; 7 kine and calves, £21 5s.; 5 quyes and 1 stot, three yeares old, £14 ; 4 quyes and 1 stot, two years old, £8 15s.; 3 stots, 2 quyes, one yeare old, £4 ; 6 horses and mares and a filly, £16 6s. 8d.; 58 wedderes, £24 13s. ; a sow, 2 piggs, and a hogg, £1. `Corne in the stackgarth at Hauxley,' 27 new boules of wheat, at 5s. per boule, £6 15s.; 60 old boules of bigg, £30 ; 50 old boules of oates, at 6s. per boule, £15. ` Corne in the stackgarth at Bondy Carr,' 17 new boules of wheat and rye, at 4s. p. boule, £3 8s. ; 10 new boules of blandlings, at 3s. p. boule, £ 1 10s. 15 boules of oates at West Chevington, at 5s. 6d. per boule, £4. 2s. 6d. 11 new boules of wheat and rye sown at Hauxley, the increase whereof at 4 boules for one, and at 4s. 9d. p. boule, £10 9s. ; oats sowne on the ground, 9 old boules, the increase thereof at three boules for one is 27 boules, and the price at 6s. p. boule, £8 2s. ; pees sowne on the grounde there, 17 new boules, the increase thereof at 3 boules for one, and the price at 3s. p. boule, £7 13s. 6 newe boules of wheat and ry sowne at Bondycarre, the increase thereof at foure boules for one, and the price at 4s. 9d. p. boule, £5 14s. ; oates to be sowne there, 8 olde boules a bushell, the increase at 3 boules for one, and the price at 6s. per boule, £7 13s. ; peese sowne there, 6 new boules, the increase at 3 for 1, and the price at 3s. p. boule, £2 14s. ; bigge to be sowne there, 6 new boules, the increase at 6 for one, and the price at 3s. 4d. p. new boules, £6 ; old hay, £6 ; implements of husbandry, £12 2s. 6d.; household stuff of all sorts, £10 13s. 10d. ; total, £267 16s. 2d. Ibid. 1710, 10th July. Matthew Kirton conveys his lands at Hauxley to William Wharier of Birling to secure £200. 1730, 18th November. Matthew Kirton conveys his lands at Hauxley to Anne, youngest daughter of Robert Lisle, late of Weldon, to secure £200. 1762, 4th November. John Widdrington of Hauxley purchases from the mortgagees Kirton's lands in Hauxley for £2,600. Hauxley Deeds. |
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The lands for which Mr. Nicholas Lewin was
rated in 1663 at £20 a year have not been positively identified, but as
the descent of most of the other freeholds can be traced, in part at
least, it may be concluded that they are represented by the fields
comprising about 100 acres, lying to the southwest corner of the
township, which belongs to Mr. Charles Leslie of Slinden as successor to
Lady Newbrough.
N The lands owned in 1663 by John Clark are now comprised in the Hauxley cottage estate. What is known of the family is compressed into the following pedigree : |
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CLARK OF HAUXLEY. |
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Margaret, daughter and heiress of
John Clark, in 1779 became wife of William Richardson of North Seaton,
and their surviving daughter and sole heiress married Ralph Clarke of
Lower Tooting, near London, a man of Northumbrian origin, and possibly a
kinsman of his wife's maternal ancestors. Having survived his wife, he
sold her estate at Hauxley in 1815 to Edwards Werge of Horton in
Glendale, who already owned another part of the township. Werge in 1820
sold all his lands in Hauxley and Amble townships to Mr. James Dand,
whose son, Mr. M. H. Dand, now owns and resides at Hauxley cottage. The lands which, in 1663, belonged to John Hudson were acquired from his descendant Robert Hudson in 1736 by Robert Widdrington and absorbed in the Widdrington estates. The lands owned in 1663 by Robert Hall were in 1698 conveyed by John Hall to William Cresswell, from whose successor, John Cresswell of Cresswell, they were purchased in 1775 by John Widdrington. Cresswell's house stood at the west end of the village on the south side of the road. |
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CRESSWELL OF HAUXLEY. |
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Mr. M. H. Dand's farm of Amble Moor-house is
situated partly in the township of Amble and partly in that of Hauxley ;
the portion lying in the latter township represents in part the parcels
of lands purchased between the years 1736 and 1775 by the Widdringtons
from the smaller freeholders. This estate was one of the farms sold by
order of the Court of Chancery in 1808 to discharge John Widdrington's
liabilities ; it was purchased by Edwards Werge and was resold by hint
in 1822 to Mr. James Dand. In one of the fields there may be traced the
site of the windmill which stood here in 1663, and in that year paid 2s.
to the vicar of Warkworth in lieu of tithes.
N The small estate of Bondicar, comprising 114 acres, occupied the headland which forms the northern point or boundary of Druridge Bay. Below high-water mark are the dangerous reefs and rocks called the Bondy-carrs, N the Silver-carrs, the Wilderts, Kirton's rock, and Wilcarrs, upon which many a ship has come to an untimely end in ignorance or forgetfulness of the old lines :
When John Carr of Lesbury made his will on the 17th of October, 1587, he gave his lands at Longhoughton and Hauxley ` with the seed sowen thereon, with eight oxen,' to his younger son, Roger Carr. The latter who resided at New Moor-house, near Longframlington, by will dated 1st of April, 1620, gave his farm at Hauxley to his wife for her life, and then to his son, Thomas Carr, with whose descendants Bondicar N remained until the death of Miss Anne Rochester of Whalton in 1848, when it passed under her will and under the wills of her two sisters to Mr. Thomas Meggison, who in that year by royal licence assumed the name of Rochester. He was succeeded by his son, Mr. William Rochester of Whalton, and from the trustees of his will Bondicar has recently been purchased by Mr. Henry Davison of Newcastle. N |
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CARR AND ROCHESTER OF BONDICAR. |
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From the beginning of the eighteenth century down to 1870 the family of Hall, originally from the parish of Elsdon, were tenants of Bondicar. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HALL OF BONDICAR. |
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